Free forging deformation nature and degree, free forging process can be divided into basic process, auxiliary process and finishing process.

1. basic process

Upsetting: The height of the blank decreases and the cross-sectional area increases. It is often used for forging and processing cake forgings. Hollow forgings increase the cross-section of the blank before punching and leveling. Forging shaft forgings can improve the forging ratio of the subsequent elongation process, and improve the transverse mechanical properties and anisotropic mechanical properties of forgings.

Drawing length: the cross-sectional area of the blank is reduced, and the length is increased for the forming of shaft forgings or to improve the internal quality of forgings.

Punching: forging through holes or semi-through holes on the blank, forging forgings with holes and hollow forgings.

Bending: Bending the blank into a specified shape and forging various bending forgings.

Reaming: There are two kinds of punch reaming and mandrel reaming to reduce the wall thickness of hollow blanks and increase their inner and outer diameters, and forge various ring forgings.

Mandrel drawing: reduce the wall thickness of the hollow blank and increase, increase its length, forging various long tube forgings.

Wrong shift: forging crankshaft forgings by staggering one part of the blank relative to the other.

Torsion: Rotate one part of the blank and the other part around the same axis to a certain angle, forging crankshafts, twist drills, anchor bolts, etc.

Chopping: chopping (cutting) or partially separating the blanks to cut off the blanks.

2. auxiliary process

The auxiliary process refers to the process of deformation in advance before the blank enters the basic process. Such as ingot chamfering, pressing clamp, stepped shaft segment indentation and other work steps.

3. Finishing Process

Refers to the process used to arrange the size and shape of forgings to fully meet the requirements of forging drawings. Generally, it is carried out after a basic work step is completed. For example, the drum-shaped rounding and section rounding after upsetting, the end face is flat and the bending is straight, etc.